Universal History Annotation << Back THE GROWTH OF PROTEST ACTIVITY OF PEASANTS AS A FORERUNNER OF THE REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS OF 1917 (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ORYOL, KALUGA AND SMOLENSK PROVINCES) V.V. Kulachkov The article examines the peculiarities of protest activity of peasants on the regional material. Analysis of archival and published materials allows us to say that both objective and subjective factors contributed to the growth of protest activity of peasants. Modern researchers note that the increase in protest moods in the peasant environment was caused by the modernization of the traditional way of life and the radicalization of the legal consciousness of the villagers. Gender aspects also played a negative role in this process and were interconnected with the gradual destruction of community foundations. At the same time, protest moods were growing in the peasant environment, associated with a sense of hopelessness and a desire to change their lives for the better. The documents of the regional archives also contain information that the peasants no longer wanted to comply with the decisions of the volost courts and often spoke unfl atteringly about the last emperor. At the same time, the growth of discontent and protest activity of the peasantry was facilitated by the unresolved problems during the first Russian Revolution, the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reform and the deterioration of the situation during the First World War. Keywords: peasantry, protest activity, village, legal consciousness, Orel province, Kaluga province, Smolensk province. DOI: 10.25791/vseist.03.2022.1161 Pp. 28-35.