Universal History Annotation << Back Kumyk State Entities in International Trade in the 17th–18th Centuries Idrisov Yu.M., Abdusalamov M-P.B., Alilov A.N. The article, based on archival materials and special historical literature, examines the Kumyk state formations in the international trade of the 17th and 18th centuries. It is stated that the Savdyugers were actively involved in trade with both Eastern merchants and Russian merchants. Kumyk merchants visited Persian cities and provinces, as well as Russian cities such as Terek, Astrakhan, Kizlyar, and others. It is emphasized that the Kumyk state formations played an important role on the Volga-Caspian route. This was usually due to their favorable geographical location and the participation of Kumyk merchants, the savdyugers, in intermediary operations, as well as the need for agricultural and craft products from the Kumyk lands. The article uses specifi c historical examples to demonstrate the importance and role of the Kumyk state formations in international trade on the Caspian Sea in the 17th and 18th centuries. The authors conclude that participation in international trade has led to their socio-economic development, increased labor productivity and welfare, as well as cultural exchange. Keywords: The Volga-Caspian route, trade, merchants, Tarki, Endirey, Russia, and Persia. DOI: 10.25791/vseist.03.2025.1231 Pp. 25-32.