Universal History Annotation << Back Identification of Textile Materials of Ancient Egypt: a Comparative Analysis of the Technological Capabilities for Producing Flax, Sea Silk (Byssus), and Lotus Fiber using the SMAA-MOORA Method Borisov V.A. This paper examines the historical-technological problem of identifying textile materials discovered in Ancient Egyptian burials. Based on an analysis of written sources and archaeological data, it is established that the term "byssus" in the Egyptological context referred to high-quality linen fabric, rather than a product processed from the threads of the Pinna nobilis mollusk. Using the stochastic multi-criteria acceptability analysis method SMAA-MOORA, an assessment was made of the probability of the presence of byssus in archaeological fi nds, as well as the identifi cation of unusual fl ax as lotus fi ber. It was determined that, considering a set of criteria, the probability of identifying Ancient Egyptian textiles as byssus is less than 0.1 %, whereas the probability of their identification as lotus fi ber reaches 94.8 %. It is shown that the ratio of fl ax production volumes (X) to the maximum possible collection of byssus (Y) is several thousand to one in favor of fl ax, which precludes the possibility of a "byssus industry" existing in Ancient Egypt. Based on an analysis of historical and linguistic data, the possibility of delivering lotus fiber from Indochina to Egypt via the Land of Punt is established. Keywords: flax, byssus, pinna nobilis, lotus fiber, sea silk, Ancient Egypt, archaeological textiles, SMAA-MOORA. DOI: 10.25791/vseist.02.2026.1247 Pp. 03-15.